At a certain point, 1000 pop I believe, your growth drops to 1-2% instead of 10%. So population grows slower on high population worlds. The more population you have, the more protection they want. This leads to an increase in garrison ships (as opposed to foreign legions and exploration).
Another reason to spread out are governors. If you've got a governor with a ship building bonus on Earth, but no research bonus your research obviously does not get a bonus. However, if you have a potential governor with a research bonus and plop him on Mars with all of those RC, Mars gets the bonus, Earth gets the ship building bonus, and so on.
It's a matter of maximizing your resources.