In terms of the absolute number of warm bodies, population growth actually speeds up as the total population grows, despite the percentage rate falling, and after the percentage rate bottoms out at 1%, a population's absolute growth rate starts increasing even faster as it grows ever larger. 10% of one million comes out to a lot less than 1% of a billion.
Most colonies are going to grow at a geometric rate whether you like it or not. Only on low gravity worlds are you able to impose any sort of hard cap, as you can't move underground infrastructure.