I have used, and still used beam fighters for close defense. Beam fighters on a JP during a squadron transit can be very nasty. Like Steve, I wind up building beam fighters in just about every game. They are cheap military, cheap defense, and can be built with industry vs. shipyards. In numbers, they can be very effective. A squadron of 12 railgun fighters is 48 potential damage every five seconds, realistically 24 damage when you figure hit rates. That is perfectly capable of getting someones attention.
For example;
Hammerhead class Fighter 445 tons 20 Crew 97.8 BP TCS 9 TH 40 EM 0
8989 km/s Armour 1-5 Shields 0-0 HTK 3 Sensors 0/0/0/0 DCR 0 PPV 3
Maint Life 2.80 Years MSP 13 AFR 16% IFR 0.2% 1YR 2 5YR 36 Max Repair 30 MSP
Lieutenant Commander Control Rating 1
Intended Deployment Time: 3 days Morale Check Required
Holst Aero Engines Improved Nuclear Pulse Engine EP40.00 (2) Power 80 Fuel Use 885.44% Signature 20.0 Explosion 20%
Fuel Capacity 5,000 Litres Range 0.23 billion km (7 hours at full power)
Tsan-Ahlheim 10cm Railgun V30/C3 (1x4) Range 30,000km TS: 8,989 km/s Power 3-3 RM 30,000 km ROF 5
Dubuc-Rector Beam Fire Control R34-TS3000 (1) Max Range: 33,600 km TS: 3,000 km/s 53 30 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senecal-Welte Electronics Active Search Sensor AS4-R1 (1) GPS 8 Range 4.5m km MCR 406.2k km Resolution 1
This design is classed as a Fighter for production, combat and planetary interaction
That is improved nuclear pulse tech, with a res 1 search sensor and an 18 ton beam FC. Thats the "fat" version with the sensor. And crew quality can improve those hit %, so against missiles or ships, you still have utility. Are they as good as dedicated ship systems? No, but you can build LOTS of them for the cost of a ship, drop them in bases/stations/carriers.
The down side is they are super squishy, short ranged, short duration, and myopic. But, like Stalin said "quantity has a quality of its own". You can build lots of these, they have some utility value vs just about anything, and they ARE useful for ripping chunks of armor off of ships.
The other thing is that fighters, in coordination with beam SHIPS have a lot of utility. They enemy has a limited number of fire controls. If they are shooting at your ships, the fighters last longer and have a better chance of doing damage, if they shoot fighters, the ships maul them unopposed.