The one problem I have found in this game is the massive size of so called 'fighter' craft, even the modern B2 stealth bomber is only 152tons, while the smallest viable fighter design and low to mid tech is about 250 tons (as joeclark said). I've found that if I think of fighters as equivalent to small naval patrol boats the game makes a bit more sense.
If you truly want a 250ton fighter analogue then you really need to get reduced size launchers, box launchers are of course the best for this, but they require quite a bit of research. Assuming no prior research in size reduction it takes 22 000 research points to get to box launchers. You have said that you want an early design, perhaps use 1/3 size launchers as that only requires 6 000 research points. Using a Tiny Engineering Bay and Tiny Fuel Storage (6 000, and 4 000 research points respectively) you can create a 242ton fighter with 3 size 1 33% size reduction launchers, or a 259ton fighter with 4 launchers.
Of course these take 600 seconds to reload if you have not researched any reload speed techs, and would require them to land on their carrier to do so as there is no room for a magazine without adding another 50tons to the design.
Random Example
P11 Salamander class Fighter 259 tons 9 Crew 123.38 BP TCS 5.17 TH 19.2 EM 0
15473 km/s Armour 1-3 Shields 0-0 Sensors 1/1/0/0 Damage Control Rating 0 PPV 1.32
Maint Life 18.55 Years MSP 75 AFR 2% IFR 0% 1YR 0 5YR 6 Max Repair 80 MSP
Intended Deployment Time: 1 months Spare Berths 1
Magazine 4
Tier 4 - SC Magneto Plasma EP80 FC05 TS19.2 (1) Power 80 Fuel Use 484.22% Signature 19.2 Exp 25%
Fuel Capacity 5,000 Litres Range 0.7 billion km (12 hours at full power)
Tier 0 - Missile Launcher S1R33 (4) Missile Size 1 Rate of Fire 600
Tier 4 - Missile FC R1 MR11 S1 (1) Range 11.8m km Resolution 1
Tier 4 - AMM MR27 CTH38 (3) Speed: 57,600 km/s End: 1.4m Range: 4.9m km WH: 1 Size: 1 TH: 518 / 311 / 155
Missile to hit chances are vs targets moving at 3000 km/s, 5000 km/s and 10,000 km/s
This design is classed as a Fighter for production, combat and maintenance purposes
Ignoring the higher tech fire control, engine, and missiles, this design uses a size 2 engine, size 1 fc, and a tiny engineering space and fuel storage. which leaves you 1.45HS to use for weapons.
Hope this helps,
BlackHawk