Is there a way to see for a class which other classes a shipyard tuned to that class could also build?
In the Shipyards view --> Task box at the bottom of the window --> set Task Type to "Construction" --> In the "Class" dropdown, you can see what other classes are interbuildable. However, this does require you to have a shipyard tooled for the base class in question. Otherwise, you will have to calculate it yourself according to the
refit rules. It is not hard to do this, just a little bit tedious but you should not have to do it very often.
For most common interbuild cases it is fairly simple, for example if you have a ~45,000-ton colony ship that costs 1500 BP and a ~45,000-ton freighter that costs 600, the freighter can be built from a yard tooled for the colony ship because the cost of a cargo bay is much less than 20% of the colony ship cost. The reverse is not possible because cryogenic modules are so expensive compared to cargo holds.
A trickier example is survey ships, because the geo and grav sensors are usually the most expensive components on a survey ship it is often difficult to make the survey classes interbuildable. One solution is to use mixed-use survey ships with both grav and geo sensors, which is an entirely viable approach, and in some cases you would be able to create geo-only and grav-only variants that could be built from the same shipyard as the mixed-use variant. Another approach is to build a shipyard-only class which has a full load of both geo and grav sensors, but lacks a cheaper component like engine(s) or jump drive. Due to the cost rules you can often build geo and grav variants from a shipyard tooled for that class. This sounds complicated, so I will give a rough example below:
Geosurvey Ship Class: 5000 tons, ~700 BP
4x Geosurvey Sensors = 1000 tons, 400 BP
1x Jump Drive 5K = 1000 tons, 55 BP
2x Medium Ion Drives @ 75% = 2000 tons, 140 BP
Other components = 1000 tons, ~100 BP
Gravsurvey Ship Class: 5000 tons, ~700 BP
4x Gravsurvey Sensors = 1000 tons, 400 BP
1x Jump Drive 5K = 1000 tons, 55 BP
2x Medium Ion Drives @ 75% = 2000 tons, 140 BP
Other components = 1000 tons, ~100 BP
Shipyard-Only Class: 5000 tons, ~1040 BP
4x Geosurvey Sensors = 1000 tons, 400 BP
4x Geosurvey Sensors = 1000 tons, 400 BP
2x Medium Ion Drives @ 75% = 2000 tons, 140 BP
Other components = 1000 tons, ~100 BP
You can see that the two survey ship classes are in no way interbuildable with each other, and even if you had a mixed-use ship with 2x Geo + 2x Grav sensors it still would not work. However, the shipyard-only class allows a single shipyard to build either kind of survey ship since the refit cost is only the cost of the jump drive with a 20% premium (plus some smaller amounts for differences in e.g. crew quarters between the classes).