One thing that makes a big difference in how fast you get techs researched is if you have scientists with the right bonus. Having a scientist with a 25% bonus work in his field literally doubles all the research done. In general the fields of research that make the most difference in a conventional game are: 1. Construction and Production, 2. Logistics, 3. Power & Propulsion. There are a few things from the sensor field that help, notably the geological sensors, but the rest of the sensor field can wait until you have gotten your home system up and running. You will be pretty much helpless if a npr comes visiting, but realistically that is true anyway.
Brian