The Terran Federation is in just as precarious a situation as the Empire in 2080, with a population of less than half of the Empire and almost exclusively confined to the Rama habitats, it has very little space to grow. In theory each colony is self governed and contributes to the defense of all, however in practice Titan is the industrial heart of the nation and tends to set policy for the whole.
The Federation is a collection of rugged individualists and corporate entities resistant to close rule, though anti Empire sentiment is commonplace, most people draw a firm distinction between the government and the planet of Terra, looking at the home world with the same respect and love one might give a childhood home. The mass driver attacks were carried out by an extremist faction and appalled the majority of the population, once caught the offenders were immediately turned over to the Empire with no conditions attached. The act almost brought the Federation back into the arms of the Empire were it not for the outbreak of disease and the later revelation that they were being developed to use against the Federation.
Titan is currently under President Kyle Norman, heir to the original corporation that was heavily invested in setting up the Titan colony originally, he is a man long used to power and getting his way, an excellent organizer and competent planner, he has little time for the concerns of the lower class and this has harmed his popularity.
Pluto is the second most populated colony, home to the largest and most easily accessible Duranium deposits in the system, its leaderships is concerned with their own issues and does not participate in the politics of the Federation often.
New Vegas is something out of place, an apolitical luxury resort set up on and around a comet. The large amount of easy to extract minerals allowed the colony wealth greater than its size would suggest and the habitats on it are the most lavishly decorated and appointed anywhere in the Solar system. Nominally aligned with the Federation, it is the only location in its territory that admits civilians of the Empire. It's long term future is in doubt as the comet it is on is heading out system, but for the next few years at least life is good.
Colonies are also set up on Ganymede and the Kuiper asteroid Burke's claim, these are mining colonies and family affairs primarily, though they make themselves involved with setting policy as best they can.
