It's extremely unlikely that there would be no minerals at all in Sol. Are you sure you've actually surveyed the system? Having the inner planets lack minerals is not rare but the comets at least should have some minerals on them. There are no bugs about mineral displays - trust me, that's a huge issue and it would have been found out by now if it was the case. More likely that something is wrong with your installation/game. It's little unclear from your posts what is exactly the problem.
Do you mean that this little window to the left shows nothing but Earth minerals?
That is normal for game start. It's only after you've surveyed your system using ships with Geological Survey Sensors that it will look different, like this:
If you are 100% sure that you have properly surveyed your system and that the System Information Window shows minerals on planets but this main view tab doesn't, I can only recommend that you delete your current Aurora installation and reinstall it from scratch. That's the safest way to do it since you have had issues in the past - it's possible that something has gone badly wrong with your setup.