Okay, probably a stupid question, but is there a way to edit populations to give them mines and factories, and that kind of stuff?
Economics window --> Civilian/Flags tab, in SM mode there should be buttons to edit/add installations.
You can also edit resources if you uncheck "Double-click sets reserve" in the Mining tab, in case you felt a need to do this. I don't know any ways to change fuel, ordnance, and MSP stocks but this is probably not too hard to do with commercial ships, etc. at the beginning of the game before things start happening.
If you won't want to edit the DB, you can just create a dummy basic ship type with the required fuel, MSP and ordnance. Flag it as collier, supply ship and tanker. Create ship of that class with SM and unload to colony, then delete the ship. It's messy, but doesn't require the DB.