I flunked out of chemistry AND geography, but that won't stop me from trying to find IRL equivalents to the trans-newtonian elements we see in the game.
Their IRL alternatives are based off of their applications in game; so Neutronium which is described as a dense metal used to make kinetic weapons is replaced by Tungsten, which is a dense metal used to make kinetic weapons. Some comparisons are better than other, but that's to be expected when each element has such broad uses.
The descriptions of what each trans-newtonian element does can be found here:
http://aurorawiki.pentarch.org/index.php?title=Trans_Newtonian_ElementsDuranium => Iron: The most widely used of all metals, it should be pretty obvious why I chose Iron as Duranium's real life counterpart. Iron's importance cannot be understated.
Sorium => Hydrogen: Given how they are found on gas giants to the exclusion of all else and are used as literal fuel, I think Hydrogen is an easy choice to stand-in for Sorium.
Neutronium => Tungsten: A dense metal, tungsten has been used to make advanced ballistic weapons since WWII. It is also used to make high-performing super alloys that can be used for armor or the heavy equipment you might find in a shipyard.
Corbomite =>
: I'm stumped. Cordomite is used for the most fantastical technologies like space stealth and shields, things I can't see any IRL element contributing to. I can't begin to theorize how shields or space stealth would even work let alone theorize what sorts of materials their devices would be made out of.
Tritanium=> Uranium: Back to being obvious. Your missiles all have nuclear-based explosives strapped to them until you get way up there in the tech tree.
Boronide => Tantalum: Tantalum makes really good capacitors and its use in lab equipment would be useful on a terraforming installation. Truth be told, I'd rather this be a gas or something but I don't know of any sort of gas that would be useful for terraforming and use in a capacitor.
Uridium => Noble Metals: Gold, silver and platinum; all vital for any computing and communication device.
Corundium => Copper: Needed for all electronics, including energy weapons. Also fitting that copper, like corundium, is almost always in short supply.
Mercassium => Noble Gases: Used for a variety of scientific and medical applications such as breathing gases, treating decompression sickness in divers, scientific measuring devices like thermometers, Geiger counters, and bubble chambers, and use in scientific excimer lasers.
Vendarite => Aluminum: I don't really agree with fighters needing a resource since they are in effect just smaller ships, but if you had to give them one it'd be aluminum for the same reason we use it for planes today due to its low density.
Gallicite => Titanium: Strong and light-weight, Titanium is used to make spacecraft, jet and missile engines IRL. Can't argue with that.
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