1) Yes, the limits is either your jump rating, or your jumpship's size, whichever is smaller.
2) It means your crew isn't trained enough, and has a delayed response. They just need some time to get to battle stations.
3)Beam fighter are nearly useless currently. But yeh, you would tell them to "go to" a contact and then use them to target said contact.
4)No. You can intentionnaly ram an ennemy ship, but I have no idea how.
5)No.
6) I'm not sure. It helps you repair damaged components, but I do not know the details.
Anyway, nice start, I couldn't even made head or tail of the combat windows at first.
P.S. And what is your mother tongue BTW? I'm a french-speaker and do speak some german if that can help.