To add to the above, there are a few other things that I'd consider key factors for why VLS is really the 'standard' for modern warships, even in the air defence role;
-Flexibility; Most modern systems can accept a range of munitions, meaning your mix of short-range SAMs (often multipacked), long-range SAMs and other loads (anti-sub, land attack, anti-surface) is entirely up to the users preference and mission requirements
-Availability; Anything thats loaded is 'instantly' available, and this is really key especially when you have multiple different munitions loaded
-Compactness/Weight; Again, while there's some advantages to VLS even with a single munition, if you have multiple, replacing the 'single purpose' systems for those with a 'multi-purpose' VLS can save quite a bit of weight and space.
Also, while the Talos is fairly long (just under 10m), its certainly possible to fire missiles of that size from a VLS, as the P-700 is the same length and bulkier. Of course, in this case the VLS for them is 'single purpose', but thats probably a design issue, as the Soviets/Russians seem to have liked dedicated VLS systems for each weapon type.