It's possible to at least do something fairly close to this, by spawning in a sufficiently-large fleet with a lot of commercial infrastructure ships to carry planetside installations, colonists, etc. as well as many tugs for shipyards, orbital platforms, etc.
What you'd have to do though is basically move from system to system, mine up all the minerals from whatever decent planet you found with the hope of making enough to not only run your factories, labs, etc. for however long you're planetside but build up a surplus of fuel, MSPs, and other things to keep the fleet going from one system to the next.
The other bit of a tricky spot is that since habitable planets with minerals are fairly rare in Aurora, and the survey mechanic takes time, the model of a single massive fleet flying from system to system isn't very practical, so while your main fleet is anchored at a planet you'd have to send out survey ships to find the next system (otherwise you'd end up flying through, like, a dozen systems between stops, including long pauses to survey planets and JPs, which wouldn't be exciting gameplay).
In short, I'm not sure this is a quite perfect fit for the BSG flavor, but a more generalized nomadic race is not impossible.