HOWEVER - if there's multiple colonies between your location and the colony you want to have the data (such as your homeworld or a major research colony) you should go into the ship's individual record (F6 tab I think?) and disable the download (there's a checkbox somewhere) - otherwise the first colony you encounter, whether it's a brand new one with barely a million people or one with 500 million, will get the information. And there's no sharing between colonies.