So, I've been thinking about this.
I start off with 10 Mass Drivers so I can get a mineral stockpile started on Mars. Then, 200 infrastructure and construction factories to get Mars started. Then what dooots said with the addition of Research Labs.
For ship components it all depends on what ships you plan to build. Though most every ship will have certain ones; bridge, engineering, fuel storage, crew quarters, ...
I don't know if civilian lines will take colonists to a colony that doesn't already have some. I've always just done it myself. Civilian lines can be ... unpredictable.
Edit: OK, so none of those components can be factory built. But, shields, magazines, launchers, maintenance storage bays, engines and modules can be.