Symbols? You mean symbols for the minerals maybe? If so: Low-graphic game. No fancy shiny things at this point.
Remaining resource overview:
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Neutronium: Mainly shipyard improvement. Later slowly being used more and more in armor. Also needed for maintenance facilities, mass drivers and ground force training facilities. Under bad management, this is usually the second material you will run out of, because early shipyard buildup is really costly for a fledgling empire. Once that is over, it gradually loses it importance despite its later role in armor.
Mining priority: High in the beginning (second only to Duranium), medium once you are at tech-level 6-8 maybe.
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Corbomite: Useless. Tiny amounts are needed here and there, but your demands are easily fed by incidental byproduct mining , so no need to go out and search for this.
Mining priority - "you people mined
what already?"
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Tritanium: The name seems to imply it has something to do with structure and building, maybe even armor. You couldn't be farther from the truth, because it is the prime kaboom-mineral that makes up for warheads in missile costs, and goes into everything related to explosions (ordnance factories, launchers, magazines...).
Mining priority is medium.
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Boronide: Good way to remember it is calling it "Bionide" maybe, because it goes into all things terraforming or (fossil?) fuel refining. You will rarely need much of it, but there might be a moment of temporary shortcoming if you like me put up ridiculous stellar harvesting bases in one push. Also accounts for about 25% of beam weapon costs.
It isn't much though, so mining priority is still low.
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Mercassium: Most notable use is research labs, which you will feel early on, because research is the motor to winning, so you'd want a lot of them constantly. Other main uses that may rob you of this resource are cryogenic transports, which cost a surprisingly high amount for people that think they can just lift entire planet populations asky.
*cough*It is also used in every ship, since crew quarters are for some reason made out of it (life support systems?), but you won't notice this at all, since the amount is negligible.
Mining priority is medium, but personal game style for veterans usually drops it to low when you notice you have teched enough to have little challenge anymore, so further research lab frenzy is not needed.
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Vendarite: You thinking of carriers, fighter production and hangar bases? You'll be thinking of getting at least one good vendarite deposit. Otherwise it finds even less uses than near translucent Corbomite.
Mining priority is - "look, my Nimitz is built, so please throw your garbage elsewhere"
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Sorium: Obviously space fuel, but mining it on planets is really really inefficient when compared with the orbital gas giant mining (that does btw. not even require millions of workers to run it). For this reason you will be only indifferently glancing over any deposit that is not based on a jovian, and it is never a reason to settle a mining colony.
It has had minor use in jump engines if you want those, but that is again feedable by mere coincidental mining. In 7.2 it will maybe awaken, since it will be used in the limitless useful maintenance point construction, but we will have to see to how much that really adds up to. Until then:
Mining priority is "are you trying to fill my tank with crude oil or what?"
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Uridium: The electronics mineral. Moderately needed to make all things Detection, so survey, passive and active sensors, fire controls, and sensor stations. However, it has no clientele outside of this niche, and you will normally not find issue running out.(though I did one time, but it may have been me just ignoring it
too much for once)
Mining priority low.
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Corundium: The "how do I get more minerals" mineral. Primary use is spamming mines and automines to the limit, which is a thing that you do for basically the entire game, and even more so in the late stages. As such, your use for this magic mineral is only limited by how fast your construction factories can digest it.(which is quickly limited considering doing so usually results in even more stuff coming in)
There is some word about it making up 75% of beam weapon costs, but I have personally never felt that compared to the needs imposed by the moloch that is Locust Mining Industry Inc. .
Mining priority is medium at the start, but becomes and stays high once you have a decent navy done and become really serious about exploiting nearby star systems. It is easily the second most demanded resource once you pass tech level 5 or 6.
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Gallicite: The "gold" of the galaxy. It goes into engines, and engines only, but wow, does it use a lot for that. Even cost efficient freighters can consume ten thousands of tons for a low-mid tech level refit, and don't get me started on the uses of higher tech. I have found myself in games where I searched system after system, ignoring all the mineral sites I found, just to get to that one that had 10+ million Gallicite with accessibility 0.6 or so. It easily outweighs by far any other mineral needs once the mid-game dawns, to the point where this is all you are out for, while the remaining 'garbage' minerals pile up to the megatons in your capital without use. You still won't be needing it that much up to ion probably though.
Mining priority is "legitimate argument for alien genocide"
In a total list:
Early game1.Duranium
2.Neutronium
3.Corundium
4.Gallicite
Interstellar game1.Gallicite
2.Gallicite
3.Corundium
4.Even more Gallicite
5.Maybe Duranium, I guess?