To be honest, I don't really know much about their nomenclature either. But at least it would make for good banter between us and the westerners
Come, my good communist comrades; let us show these filthy capitalists the error of their ways!
The Russian Federations navy is actually pretty generic in rank and organisation.
Ranks;
michman is a Midshipman
sta'ršij michman is Senior Midshipman
mla'dšij lejtena'nt is a Junior Lieutenant
lejtena'nt is a Lieutenant (equivalent to USN Ensign)
sta'ršij lejtena'nt is a Senior Lieutenant (equivalent to a USN Lieutenant JG)
kapita'n-lejtena'nt is a Captain Lieutenant (equivalent to a USN Lieutenant)
kapita'n 3-go r'anga is a Captain 3rd Rank (equivalent to a USN Lieutenant Commander)
kapita'n 2-go r'anga is a Captain 2nd Rank (equivalent to a USN Commander)
kapita'n 1-go r'anga is a Captain 1st Rank (equivalent to a USN Captain)
ko'ntr-admira'l is a Rear Admiral (equivalent to a USN Commodore, or Rear Admiral lower half)
vi'tse-admira'l is a Vice Admiral (equivalent to a USN Rear Admiral, or Rear Admiral upper half)
admira'l is an Admiral (equivalent to a USN Vice Admiral)
admira'l flo'ta is an Admiral of the Fleet (equivalent to a USN Admiral)
Ma'ršal Rossi'jskoj Federa'cii is Marshall of the Russian Federation (formerly Marshall of the Soviet Union) is kind of equivalent to USN Admiral of the Fleet but is more the head of the entire Russian Military, and can be from any of the branches, so far there has only been one, who came from the Army)