Worth noting that I reproduced this issue on both my desktop and laptop.
I can reproduce this in 1. 9. 3 as well using a fresh install with the default game.
1. Turn on SM mode and explore 1 jump point.
2. Switch Main Window / Tactical Map view to the new system.
3. Open System View and use "Select Name" function to choose a new name.
4. Without closing the System View window click the systems drop-down and choose "Sol"
5. The system view window does not update.
6. Minimize System View.
7. On the Main Window, select the system selector drop-down and choose Sol.
8. Nothing happens.
9. Closing the System View, opening it again fixes *BOTH* windows.
It's 100% for me. I just reproduced it on all three jump points out of Sol in the test game.
It also doesn't actually seem to matter if you have the system open in the Main Window. I had Sol open in the main window while I was renaming one of them and I could not switch to any other system until I closed and reopened the System View window. Just closing it doesn't work. It's definitely close and reopen. Advancing time does not fix it for me.