The window affected: Economics, Industry Tab
What you were doing at the time: Existing.
Conventional or TN start: Conventional start.
Random or Real Stars: Real stars.
Decimal separator: Period.
Reproducibility: Don't know how to trigger it.
Campaign length: 92 years.
Two of my populations, Titan and Callisto, stopped displaying their names in the industry tab. Shortly after this, I got phantom populations showing up in the window, as can be seen in the screenshot I posted. The problem persists through save and reload, though now if I advance time, all the phantom populations disappear. I can clear the phantoms by unchecking/rechecking any of System Body/Star/By Function, and if I uncheck "Hide CMC", Titan and Callisto get their proper names back.
Given that the phantom populations in each system exactly correspond to the number of CMCs in those systems, and the fact that Titan and Callisto were CMCs before I colonized them (and renamed them), it's pretty clear that this is simply a display bug associated with CMC hiding.
Confirmed